2.7 Evolution of the crature
2.7.1 Evolution by division of labor in a single cell and evolution of the creature
Living organisms are active in life by chain reactions that result in
supplying in response to demand. As the environment changes as it continues
its activities, and the organism adapts to the changes, it will evolve.
On the other hand, the living body evolves internally, too. Even if the
same vesicles are generated in large cells, when they grow together inside
the same cell, they become different vesicles because the situation they
are in is different. In a word, if the vesicle grows while working on each
in a large cell, it becomes the organization of the group of several vesicles
with a specialized function. If the cell adapts to the environment and
works, it evolves into the tissue of the vesicles with various specialized
functions. When many cells that have evolved into highly functional tissues
gather to form ecosystems and grow in them, they become cells that play
a specialized role. Thus, the system that the living thing changes generations
and has evolved is seen in the present living things.
Fig.2.7.1 Thermally vibrating small bubbles in large bubbles (Movie begins
when click upper picture)
2.7.2 The living is open loop control that incorporates changes of external environment
The creature lives through a chain reaction that results in supply in
response to demand. Plants are active in response to changes in the environment,
while animals are quickly doing so in response to changes in conditions
within a second. The creature remembers the reaction advantageous to the
survival by the experience. Re-perform the reaction that had memorized
at the similar situation is the advantage for the creature. For that purpose,
it is necessary to have a system to select memory and its memory. It will
form at the experience of the activity. Chain reactions transfer the reacting
areas one after another, so the route formed around them. The trace will
be is available to re-performs the activity.
The control of the behavior of animal is an open loop control that includes the change in the external environment. The activity of processing information in the brain of human being is a parts of control system of the open loop. Even the activity of advanced thinking must also be an open loop. The controlled activity and the controlled activity are not the same. In other words, the activity of controlling behavior is separate from the activity of the real world. Most of motivation of next activity will be results of response from the external environment.
Human beings should be thoughtful. However, there is a problem if the
information processing is limited to within the activities of the brain
from beginning to end. It is the closed control system by the activity
of the information processing only within the prepared neural network.
The thinking without includes of external world tends to diverge from reality.
2.7.3 How intelligence forms in the network of neurons
Animals engage in life activities by acting in response to demand and supplying them.
It is a neural circuit to be responsible for the communication of the activity.
Neurons, which are elements of the network, are generating impulses and transferring them.
Nerve cells ignite at a threshold and immediately peak before disappearing.
The impulse transmits along the axon, which is a protruding structure extending from the cell body of the neuron.
The signal is transferred to the other neurons with snaps.
There is meaning in the route where the activity called impulse is transmitted, and there is no meaning even if the waveform of the impulse is analyzed.
The transmission of information is meaningful in a series of reactions. The cry of animal is only the stimulus similar to the impulse of a neuron,
and the meaning of the activity is included in the situation of the activity.
The human being being is characterized by use of language. The human has
come to possesses a language area in the cerebrum. So, the association
area occupies a large region in the human's cerebrum. Since words are representatives
those represent things by symbols. The first way to understand a word is
to understand it in the situation where the word is uttered. After that,
words that does not understand will be understood from the sentences those
used the word. The people live in the civilized society where words rule
the community. There is “Logos” that exists in the world of the thinking.
The essentials of “Logos” are universal and unchanged. But "Everything
in the reality is on the move". And thought is free and continuously
evolve.
However, scientific knowledge has no individuality, so everyone can share
it. The real people have their own personalities. Individuality creates
a new culture. (last modified May 9, 2023)
To Index -2.7-